Obtain well-rounded exposure to the supply chain sector and prepare for a versatile career in the field in just 50 weeks. Take advantage of our small class sizes to get more attention and focused guidance from our seasoned instructors.
Step into the exciting world of Supply Chain and Logistics with our comprehensive diploma program designed to propel you toward success in this rapidly expanding industry. With a robust 16-week internship, you’ll gain invaluable real-world experience that will set you apart in your job search. Alongside foundational courses in Supply Chain and Logistics, Purchasing, Inventory Management, and Transportation, you’ll also enhance your computer skills through Microsoft Office training and streamline your career journey with a dedicated Career Management class.
During the course of the program, students can access campus support at several locations, including Toronto, London, Mississauga, Brampton, Kitchener, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Windsor, ensuring they receive the assistance they need.
Career Opportunities
Upon completing our Supply Chain and Logistics courses, you will qualify for positions such as:
Logistics Coordinator
Inventory Planner
Inventory Analyst
Purchasing Agent
Materials Coordinator
Scheduling Clerk
Cargo and Freight Agent
Customs Broker
Employers Who Have Hired Our Supply Chain and Logistics Program Grads
Canadian Tire Corporation
Ford Motor Company
Laidlaw
UPS Supply Chain Solutions
Pepsi Co.
QRC Logistics
Maple Leaf Foods Inc.
Salary
84%
Employment Rate*
$26
Average Wage/HR**
$44
High Wage/HR**
*Employment Rate based on 2023 contactable triOS graduates employed in a related field within 12 months.
Source: workingincanada.gc.ca
NOC Code: 12013 - **Wage data is rounded down to the nearest dollar. Average wage doesn't reflect the starting salary but represents the middle value between lowest to highest wages. Local (or regional) income may vary. Last updated in March 2025.
Structured‑yet‑adaptable schedule with a set weekly pace and the support of facilitators when you need it; completed fully online so you can learn from anywhere.
Master strategic planning, creating competitive advantages, and fulfilling customer needs as you study Supply Chain and Logistics and prepare for a career with a truly global reach.
Supply chain and logistics are integral to every service and product we encounter, influencing everything from conception and design to manufacturing and shipping. If you’re curious about how products and services reach the end consumer and thrive on problem-solving our logistics and supply chain courses will provide you with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in this dynamic field.
Throughout this year-long program, you’ll develop critical competencies in technical understanding, operations management, customer service, and sales, all while gaining hands-on experience through our internship program.
Our Supply Chain and Logistics program is available in two convenient online learning formats:
Live, Instructor-Led Sessions: Experience real-time interaction and support from seasoned instructors while enjoying the flexibility of online learning.
Self-Study Option: Follow a structured weekly pace with the freedom to complete your studies at your convenience, supported by our facilitators.
Prepare to embark on a rewarding career where you can make a tangible impact on the efficiency of supply chains and logistics processes around the world!
Students enrolled in the program receive:
Chance to network and connect with the global market and interact with, and hear from, industry-leading guest speakers.
Certificate from CIFFA*.
Certificate of Recognition in Introductory Dispatch and Operations Software from the Universal Freight Operating System (UFOS)**.
Advanced standing towards the Certified Supply Chain Management Professional (SCMP) designation***.
Software subscriptions FOR Microsoft Office and Windows included in the tuition fee.
*A Certificate from CIFFA is nationally recognized within the international transportation and trade industries.
**Successful graduates of this program will also achieve a Certificate of Recognition in Introductory Dispatch and Operations Software from Universal Freight Operating System (UFOS). The certificate is evidence that students are prepared to use the UFOS transportation management system, which is used by many supply chain organizations across North America.
***The Certified Supply Chain Management Professional (CSCMP) designation is an internationally-recognized certification of strategic supply chain leadership. It is Canada’s most widely-held designation in supply chain management.
This course is designed to give students a basic understanding of communication skills in the business environments. Focus will be placed on both written and spoken communications. Students will review the basic writing process with emphasis on the mechanics of writing. They will also learn the importance of effective spoken communication, deliver an oral presentation, and participate in a mock meeting.
Business Negotiations
In this course, you will learn about the fundamentals of business negotiations, focusing on best practices for achieving successful outcomes. You will explore key concepts, tactics, and strategies for effective negotiation, emphasizing how these skills create value within an organization. Special attention will be given to common negotiation scenarios within supply chain management. Additionally, you will have the opportunity to apply and demonstrate the negotiation techniques you learn.
Essentials of Freight Forwarding
Define roles of all parties involved in the successful execution of a letter of credit.
Follow step-by-step procedures for successful insurance claims handling, including timing and documentation requirements.
Complete a commercial invoice, certificate of origin, export declaration, and other documents.
Prepare a quotation for multimodal movements.
Calculate the profit/loss on a shipment.
International Transportation and Trade
This course is one of two offered as part of the Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association's (CIFFA) professional standards program. You will learn the foundations of freight forwarding in the context of international trade, how to manage risks by selecting the appropriate Incoterm® for a shipment, how to calculate freight charges and load shipments, and the types of equipment and documentation used to move goods by land, air, and ocean modes of transport.
Fundamentals of Contract Law
This course is designed to enhance your Excel skills. You will learn advanced techniques to analyze, visualize, and manage data effectively, with a focus on supply chain and logistics applications. By working through hands-on projects, you will master tools like PivotTables, charts, and advanced formulas to solve problems and make data-driven decisions. By the end of the course, you will be equipped to use Excel to streamline processes, create insightful reports, and improve business performance.
Career Planning & Preparation - Level 1
This module will introduce you to and provide practice in using the tools required for a successful job search. The concepts covered in this module will help you maintain a career-focused approach throughout your studies so that you are better prepared to conduct a job search after graduating. Specifically, you will learn how to identify your soft and hard skills and how to articulate your abilities in a clear and concise Elevator Pitch that will appeal to employers and resonate with industry contacts. You will learn about the job search resources available to you including using career websites, creating LinkedIn profiles, accessing the “hidden” job market, and networking. You will examine sample résumés and cover letters and begin the process of creating your own professional résumés and cover letters that align with current conventions for content, organization, and formatting. You will also learn about the role of references, thank you letters, workplace philosophies, and strategies for success including maintaining a professional image and using proper etiquette when communicating with potential employers and industry contacts.
Career Planning & Preparation - Level 2
This module builds on concepts and skills introduced in the Career Planning and Preparation Level 1 module. In this subsequent module, you will update and refine your résumé and LinkedIn Profile. You will continue writing cover letters and learn the value of customizing cover letters to specific job postings. You will have the opportunity to apply this knowledge as you conduct a job search and write a cover letter tailored to an ideal job post. Through research, you will create a list of top employers and target current industry opportunities. You will learn about current methods for applying to job postings using technology. You will also gain an understanding of the job interview process, typical interview questions and possible responses, and expectations of both the interviewer and interviewee. In addition, you will engage in practical application of the interview process through role-play. Topics such as negotiating salary, self-management, and on-the-job success for placements and post-graduate employment will be also covered.
Customs Administration and Procedures
This course will provide you with a detailed overview of how the importation and exportation of goods are administered in Canada. It emphasizes essential practices for understanding key legislation, ensuring regulatory compliance, and preparing trade documentation. Additionally, you will explore the significance of customs administration in maintaining an efficient and well-organized supply chain.
Digital Literacy for Professionals
This course introduces essential concepts and principles for navigating and working in a digital environment. Key topics include using devices, managing information, creating and editing content, communicating and collaborating with digital tools, and ensuring online safety and responsibility. You will also apply best practices for folder organization and file naming conventions.
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems provide the backbone of organizational data and process integration. When Supply Chain Management functions are integrated into an ERP system, businesses can achieve greater efficiency, better decision-making, and improved visibility across their entire supply chain and operations. In this course, you will explore key planning systems used in Supply Chain Management, including Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP), Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP), Master Production Scheduling (MPS), Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS), and Capacity Planning. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how these systems optimize supply chain processes and improve organizational efficiency. You will gain practical, hands-on experience using Oracle NetSuite through the Oracle Academy student hub using interactive learning modules, allowing you to apply ERP concepts and functionalities directly within a leading enterprise resource planning software.
Microsoft Excel
This Microsoft Office Excel course is created to help you build and validate the skills needed to succeed in today's economy. It will also provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to use Microsoft Office Excel effectively in all aspects of your personal and professional lives. Excel is the world's most popular spreadsheet software. Whether you are managing a household or running a small business, Excel will help you develop useful techniques to help business processes. This course is computer intensive and demands basic computer proficiency and a basic understanding of spreadsheet software. You are expected to make arrangements to meet proficiency needs as necessary.
Advanced Excel and Data Analysis
This course is designed to enhance your Excel skills. You will learn advanced techniques to analyze, visualize, and manage data effectively, with a focus on supply chain and logistics applications. By working through hands-on projects, you will master tools like PivotTables, charts, and advanced formulas to solve problems and make data-driven decisions. By the end of the course, you will be equipped to use Excel to streamline processes, create insightful reports, and improve business performance.
Introduction to Databases (using Microsoft Access)
This course covers the basic functions and features of Microsoft Access. You will learn how to design and create databases; work with tables, fields, and records; sort and filter data; and create queries, forms, and reports.
Introduction to Canadian Business in the Global Marketplace
This course provides students with an overview of Canadian business practices and how Canadian businesses relate to the global marketplace. Students will learn about the business and management structure of businesses. They will also explore human resources management and the finance functions of a business. Students will also analyze the effects of globalization on the Canadian business sector.
Introduction to Logistics and Transportation
This course builds on your knowledge of supply chain concepts by focusing on logistics and transportation and their role in effective supply chain management. Topics include a global perspective on logistics and transportation, multimodal freight, containerization, and the application of Transportation Management Systems (TMS). You will also explore the significance of third-party logistics (3PL), Incoterms 2020, and the impact of information flow across the supply chain.
Introduction to Supply Chain Management
This course will introduce you to the fundamentals of supply chain management. You will explore the basic components of a supply chain and examine its strategic importance to organizations. Topics include an introduction to procurement, logistics and inventory management, and other vital supply chain activities. Additionally, you will review career paths, professional training opportunities, and the skills and knowledge required for success in the field.
Inventory Control and Materials Management
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of materials management, emphasizing its critical role in supply chain operations. You will delve into topics such as manufacturing planning and control systems, inventory control, and physical distribution. You will also examine the relationships with other operational functions within the supply chain.
Foundational Competencies for Managers
In this course, you will develop the foundational management competencies needed to succeed in supply chain management roles. You will explore the core functions of management - planning, organizing, leading, and controlling - and learn how to apply them to drive organizational success. Through practical tools and strategies, you will enhance your ability to align with company goals, work effectively as part of a team, and prepare for future management opportunities. This course is designed to help you become a valuable resource in any organization and position yourself as a strong candidate for leadership roles.
Introduction to Operations Management
This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the field of operations management. You will explore key decision-making areas, including quality management, location strategy, plant layout design, and the principles of lean manufacturing. Additionally, you will gain insights into corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and project management tools, which are critical for managing operations effectively in today's dynamic business environment.
Microsoft Outlook
This Microsoft Outlook course builds and validates the skills businesses need to succeed in today's information economy. It will also provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to use to effectively manage emails, contacts, calendars, and tasks. Outlook has become the corporate standard electronic personal organizer. These are the foundational skills needed to communicate using Outlook in a variety of positions within an organization. This course is computer intensive and demands basic computer proficiency and a basic understanding of email software. You are expected to make arrangements to meet proficiency needs.
Microsoft Powerpoint
This course will show you how to create and modify basic presentations by using Microsoft Office PowerPoint. You will explore the PowerPoint environment and create a presentation; you will format text on slides to enhance clarity and visual appeal; and you will also add and modify graphical objects in order to finalize and deliver a presentation. This course is computer intensive and demands basic computer proficiency and a basic understanding of PowerPoint software. You are expected to ensure you meet proficiency requirements for working in this environment.
Professional Purchasing
This course offers a specialized introduction to contract law, emphasizing its application in supply chain management. You will explore the foundational principles of contract formation, performance, and enforcement. Key topics include offer and acceptance, consideration, capacity, legality, and remedies for breach of contract, with a focus on how these concepts are applied in supply chain agreements and transactions.
Supply Chain Security Principles and Loss Prevention
This course will equip you with knowledge of supply chain security. You will learn about navigating the compliance landscape. You will also gain insights into recognizing how to prevent against loss and damage due to these threats against the supply chain.
Internship - Supply Chain and Operations Management
At the completion of the in-class portion of this program, you are required to complete a 12-week field placement at a business or organization within the supply chain and operations industry.
Business Project Management
In this course, you will learn the essential tools and processes for successful project management. You will explore key concepts and skills used by managers to propose, plan, secure resources, budget, and lead project teams to achieve their goals. The course emphasizes the importance of formal project management processes in helping organizations maintain a competitive advantage. You will gain the skills to handle common challenges that arise during projects and understand how projects contribute to an organization’s mission. Key topics include defining project scope, analyzing tasks and risks, building and managing teams, and creating comprehensive project plans based on industry-standard project management principles. Additionally, you will be introduced to the basics of Microsoft Project, a software tool designed to help track project progress and organize key project elements.
Student Success Strategies
This course stresses the importance of developing non-technical skills to enhance personal, academic, and career success. The course will address strategies that are important for all adult learners, such as managing finances, maintaining health and wellness, understanding learning styles, setting goals, and honing practical study skills (such as memory, reading, and test-taking techniques). In addition, this course emphasizes strategies needed to succeed in your program, such as navigating technology efficiently, interacting and engaging with peers and facilitators/instructors, and managing learning time and space.
Microsoft Word
This Microsoft Office Word course is created for you to build and validate the skills businesses need to succeed in today's information economy. It also provides you with the skills and knowledge you need to use Microsoft Office Word effectively in all aspects of your personal and professional lives. Word is the world's most popular word processing software. Learning how to create, edit, format and print documents, enhance work with formatting, use bullets and numbering, add simple borders, tables, headers/footers, organizing data columns, and styles, are the foundational skills needed to perform in many positions. This course is computer intensive and demands basic computer proficiency and a basic understanding of word processing software. The course combines Theory/demonstration by an instructor with readings, trainings, projects, and a final exam for you to work on in a simulation-based environment. You are expected to ensure you meet proficiency requirements for working in this environment.
Course Listings: Supply Chain Online
Career Planning and Preparation - Level 2
This course builds on the concepts and skills introduced in Career Planning and Preparation – Level 1. Topics covered include how to conduct an effective job search and identify various methods of applying for work. Important career tools are the focus with the creation of a personal list of "Top Employers" and current industry opportunities, as well as finalizing a professional résumé, career portfolio, and career correspondence. Interview skills explored and practiced include the identification of different types and forms of interviews, responding to typical questions, evaluating job offers, and negotiating terms of employment. Self-management topics are reviewed with a focus on strategies for long-term professional success.
Microsoft Outlook
This course is a combination of virtual training, assessments, and exams related to Microsoft Outlook. Skills covered include how to organize and manage communications, contacts, schedules, and tasks. Email and meetings are a major part of the professional world, learning how to compose, send, receive, store, and delete email messages, meetings, and appointments is crucial and covered in this module.
Microsoft PowerPoint
This course is a combination of virtual training, projects, and exams in Microsoft PowerPoint. Skills covered include the creation of attractive, professional-looking presentations, using and formatting animations, transitions, pictures, audio, video, charts, tables, and incorporating speaker notes and annotations into presentations.
The Business of Buying, Selling and Negotiating
In this course, students will explore the importance of developing interpersonal skills used to negotiate effectively as a buyer or a seller. Students will learn techniques, model skill sets and articulate terminology used when buying or selling in business to business (B2B), or business to consumer (B2C), interactions.
Career Planning & Preparation - Level 1
Career Planning and Preparation Level 1 introduces tools for a successful job search. The course will help students maintain a career-focused approach throughout their academic program. Students will learn basic career preparation skills, such as how to research opportunities, network for industry contacts and use appropriate etiquette when communicating with prospective employers. Students will identify their personal skills, values and preferences for the workplace, begin preparation of a professional resume and cover letter, and organize proof documents for their career portfolio. Asynchronous class discussion on the discussion board on various career-planning topics will round out this module. This course is a pre-requisite for Career Planning and Preparation Level 2.
Career Planning & Preparation - Level 2
This course builds on the concepts and skills introduced in Career Planning and Preparation - Level 1. Topics covered include how to conduct an effective job search and identify various methods of applying for work. Important career tools are the focus with the creation of a personal list of "Top Employers" and current industry opportunities, as well as finalizing a professional resume, career portfolio, and career correspondence. Interview skills explored and practiced are the identification of different types and forms of interviews, responding to typical questions, evaluating job offers, and negotiating terms of employment. Self-management topics are reviewed with a focus on strategies for long-term professional success.
Microsoft Excel
This course is a combination of virtual training, projects, and exams in Microsoft Excel. Skills covered include working with workbooks and worksheets, inputting data into worksheets, formatting cells, using functions and formulas, and creating and editing charts.
Essentials of Freight Forwarding
This course builds on the knowledge acquired in the International Transportation and Trade course. A combined theory and hands-on environment will introduce students to the requirements for various international payments, export packaging and warehousing, commercial documentation, transportation insurance, cargo security and dangerous goods, as well as alternative methods of transportation. Students will also learn about cost and quoting.
Inventory Control & Materials Management
This course provides students with a broad introduction to the basics of materials management, manufacturing planning and control systems, inventory control, physical distribution and relationships with other operational functions within the supply chain.
Customs Issues & Procedures
This course will provide all students with a detailed overview of how the importation and exportation of goods are administered in Canada. Basic practices for successfully understanding of key legislation and regulatory compliance, plus preparing various trade documentation will be of key focus. Students will be introduced to the various careers in the customs field and the importance and benefits of the Canadian Society of Customs Brokers.
Introduction to Logistics and Transportation
This course introduces students to Supply Chain, Logistics and Transportation. Topics include a general overview of the career paths available, networking/professional training opportunities, and how the changing global environment impacts the forward and reverse flows of goods and services. Students will also learn about the significance of 3rd party logistics, incoterms and the impact of information across the supply chain. Students will also develop an understanding of the importance of supply chain management software.
Negotiations & Supplier Management
This course will teach students the importance of negotiation between partners in supply chain management. Key topics will include various concepts, tactics and strategy to achieve a successful negotiation and in turn create value within an organization. Students will be given opportunities to practice and demonstrate the negotiation concepts that they have learned. To further complement their studies on negotiations students will examine the basics of formation of contracts, the interpretation of contracts, breaches of contract and contract types. Students will also study the impact of the respective sale of goods act legislation on business agreements.
Introduction to Operations Management
This course will provide students with a broad introduction to the field of operations management in a realistic, practical manner. Key decision areas with in Operations Management will be discussed. These topics include design of goods and services, managing quality, location strategy, plant layout strategy and lean manufacturing. Students will also learn the basics of project management and the use of project management tools to develop on time, on budget results.
Introduction to Purchasing
This course provides students with an insight into the demands placed on purchasing and supply chain managers by business stakeholders. Students will develop an in-depth understanding of the impact of purchasing and supply chain management on the competitive success and profitability of modern organizations, in addition to understanding the influence of purchasing on other major functional activities.
Career Planning & Preparation - Level 2
This course builds on the concepts and skills introduced in Career Planning and Preparation - Level 1. Topics covered include how to conduct an effective job search and identify various methods of applying for work. Important career tools are the focus with the creation of a personal list of "Top Employers" and current industry opportunities, as well as finalizing a professional resume, career portfolio, and career correspondence. Interview skills explored and practiced are the identification of different types and forms of interviews, responding to typical questions, evaluating job offers, and negotiating terms of employment. Self-management topics are reviewed with a focus on strategies for long-term professional success.
Professional Purchasing
The course explores the purchasing cycle including supply management and commodity strategy, supplier qualification, selection and management. Students will also learn why performance metrics are critical to purchasing performance. Students will gain insight in to the role of a professional purchaser, including purchasing strategy, best practices and applying ethics to the function.
Security, Compliance & Loss Prevention
This course will provide students with knowledge of supply chain security, navigating the compliance landscape, and recognizing how to prevent against loss and damage due to these threats against the supply chain. Specific emphasis is placed on the provisions of the Canada Border Agency’s Partners-in-Protection (PIP) program for Canadian importers and their internal trade partners. This course will also focus on other internal programs used to secure the supply chain.
International Transportation and Trade
This course is one of two that are part of a professional standards association program (Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association) which provides students with a broad introduction to the basics and principles of freight forwarding. A combined theory and hands-on environment allows students to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the freight forwarder, transportation geography, various modes of transportation, and how terms of trade are used between buyer and seller in a contract of sale of goods.
Microsoft Word
This course is a combination of virtual training, projects, and exams in Microsoft Word. Skills covered include formatting text for layout and appearance, formatting document parts, using styles, working with header/footer content, inserting and formatting tables, graphics and pictures, and working with templates and themes.
Admission Requirements
– High school graduation diploma, or Mature Student Status (for more information please refer to the Program Outline at the top of this page or speak to your Education Consultant)
– Passing score on the Entrance Assessment
This program has been approved for advanced standing towards obtaining the Certified Supply Chain Management Professional (CSCMP) designation.
Career Quiz
Take a quick and easy quiz to find out more about yourself, your goals, and identify your strengths and social style. This quiz gives you suggestions for what career areas you might consider based on your likes and preferences. Give it a try now!
I was apprehensive about being "the oldest student on campus". But I made new friends, achieved the formal qualifications I needed for advancement, and enjoyed my teachers.
Keith P.
Graduated in 2015
This program is designed with course content that is key in providing the knowledge and skills to excel in today’s modern supply chains. Our courses are instructed by supply chain professionals dedicated to providing an exceptional educational experience.
Jeff Turner
Supply Chain & Logistics Faculty Head
Why study supply chain?
Watch this video to discover why getting a diploma in logistics and supply chain from triOS College can give you an edge.
Frequently Asked Questions about Supply Chain and Logistics
Get answers to the most commonly asked questions about Supply Chain and Logistics.
How to Get into Logistics and Supply Chain
To pursue a career in logistics and supply chain, start by getting a relevant education such as a diploma in the field. Learn how to use industry software and tools and obtain practical experience through internships or entry-level positions.
Networking is crucial, so attend events, join organizations, and connect on platforms such as LinkedIn. Stay informed about industry trends and emerging technologies to showcase your commitment to staying current in the dynamic field.
Is supply chain and logistics a good career?
A job in supply chain and logistics is a great choice because there's a growing need for skilled workers in a wide range of industries. Aerospace, automotive, ecommerce, and healthcare are just a few examples where well-managed supply chains can contribute greatly to an organization’s success. Career paths in supply chain are diverse as there are many different tasks and functions in the field to specialize in. The skills and experience you develop can be transferred to other industries. If you want a dynamic career that has impact on a company’s success, then Supply Chain and Logistics is a good career choice.
What is supply chain and logistics?
Supply chain and logistics refer to the processes involved in the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of goods and services from the point of origin to the end consumer. The supply chain encompasses a network of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in the production and distribution of products. It includes various stages such as procurement of raw materials, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing, and distribution, with the ultimate goal of meeting customer demands efficiently and cost-effectively.
Logistics, on the other hand, is a subset of supply chain management that specifically focuses on the physical movement and coordination of goods and information within the supply chain. It involves tasks such as transportation, inventory management, warehousing, and order fulfillment. Both supply chain and logistics play pivotal roles in ensuring that products are produced and delivered in a timely manner, meeting customer expectations while optimizing costs and efficiency throughout the entire process.
Why study supply chain?
Studying supply chain is essential for individuals and organizations seeking to optimize the efficient flow of goods and services from production to consumption. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the entire process, encompassing procurement, manufacturing, logistics, and distribution. By mastering supply chain concepts, practitioners can identify opportunities for cost reduction, improve resource allocation, enhance customer satisfaction, and mitigate risks associated with disruptions or delays in the supply chain.
Furthermore, in today's globalized and interconnected business environment, a solid grasp of supply chain management is crucial for staying competitive. Companies that excel in managing their supply chains can achieve a competitive advantage through increased agility, responsiveness to market changes, and the ability to adapt to evolving customer demands. Overall, studying supply chain equips individuals with the skills needed to navigate the complexities of modern business operations and contribute to organizational success.